Example:
SELECT CASE
WHEN type = 1 THEN 'foo'
WHEN type = 2 THEN 'bar'
ELSE 'baz'
END AS name_for_numeric_type
FROM sometable`
The CASE statement executes one of a set of statements, based on some condition.
Example:
CASE
WHEN action = 'update' THEN
UPDATE sometable SET column = value WHERE condition;
WHEN action = 'create' THEN
INSERT INTO sometable (column) VALUES (value);
END CASE
You see how they are similar, but the statement does not evaluate to a value and can be used on its own, while the expression needs to be a part of an expression, e.g. a query or an assignment. You cannot use the statement in a query, since a query cannot contain statements, only expressions that need to evaluate to something (the query itself is a statement, in a way), e.g. SELECT CASE WHEN condition THEN UPDATE table SET something; END CASE makes no sense.
http://stackoverflow.com/questions/1243 ... -statement
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