BASH 101: Dollar sign madness 
positional parameters, parameters passed to script.
$1, $2, $3, ... 

It's an array-like construct of all positional parameters, {$1, $2, $3 ...}.
"$@" 

It's the IFS expansion of all positional parameters, $1 $2 $3 ....
"$*" 

It's the number of positional parameters.
$# 

current options set for the shell.
$- 

pid of the current shell (not subshell).
$$ 

most recent parameter (or the abs path of the command to start the current shell immediately after startup).
$_ 

It's the (input) field separator.
$IFS 

It's the most recent foreground pipeline exit status.
$? 

It's the PID of the most recent background command.
$!

It's the name of the shell or shell script.
$0


http://stackoverflow.com/questions/5163 ... -variables

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